Andrea Daley

Associate Professor
Office: Ross Building, S876
Phone: 416-736-2100 Ext: 22847
Email: adaley@yorku.ca
Secondary website: http://www.yorku.ca/lgbthome/
Andrea Daley is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Work, York University. Andrea received her B.S.W. and M.S.W. at York University. She brings to the School of Social Work extensive experience as a mental health clinician within the areas of community mental health, and working with consumer/survivor and LGBT communities.
My research interests include health services access and equity for diversely situated lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ)people and examining the productive effect of gendered, sexualized, raced and classed norms in psychiatric discourses, particularly in the context of in-patient documentation (charting) practices. I have been involved in advocacy work within LGBTQ communities, particularly within the area of LGBTQ health. More recently, I have been working as an ally with consumer/survivor and mad communities to examine and develop responses to violence acted upon consumer/survivor/ex-clients of the psychiatric and mental health system. Other research interests include critical research methodologies and community-based research collaborations.
Degrees
PhD in Social Work, University of TorontoMSW, York University
BSW, York University
BA in Psychology, York University
Professional Leadership
Seminars, Workshops and Community Training
Kitty Lundy Memorial Lecture, York University, Toronto ON, March 2013. Workshop organizer and leader. Full day workshop including two keynote speakers and three panel presentations with university (student, staff, faculty) and community-based (health and social service organizations, advocates, activists) participants. Key focus: Mental health and social equity. Key element of the workshop was to engage participants in dialogue related to social justice and mental health and to build Community/University relations. 'Notions of ‘Normality’/’Abnormality’: Social Justice and Equity in Mental Health,’ Presentation: “Abnormalization of LGBTQs: A Critical Analysis of the DSM 5 Review,” with Mulè, N. at Kitty Lundy Memorial Lecture, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, March, 2013. Daley, A., & MacDonnell, J. “Access & Equity in Home Care: Enhancing Access for Diverse & LGBT Communities” Workshop. Toronto, ON, November, 2010. Daley, A., & Shaikh, S. “Pedagogy and Practice – Diversity and Intersectionality in Social Work.” School of Social Work, York University. Toronto, ON, March 2010. Daley, A., & Costa, L. “Crazy Talk: Women, Sexuality and Psychiatry.” Women’s Counselling, Referral and Education Centre Annual General Meeting, Toronto, ON, November, 2009.
Community Contributions
2012-Present Member Psychiatric Disabilities Anti-Violence Coalition Toronto, Ontario 2001-Present Member Rainbow Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario 2005-2006 Chairperson Rainbow Health Network, Toronto Social Determinants of Health and Well-being Committee 2008-2009 Steering Committee Member (Advocacy) Rainbow Health Network, Toronto Sub-committee of the Rainbow Health Network that advocates for health care policy and service delivery change. 2004-2010 Community Advisory Committee David Kelley HIV/AIDS and LGBT Community Counselling Programs Family Service Toronto, Toronto 1998-2003 Volunteer Counsellor Family Service Association of Toronto, David Kelley LGBT Community Counselling Program, Toronto
Research Interests
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Fellowship, $20,000 2006-2007 - 2006-2007
- Royal Bank Fellowship, $10,000 2005-2006 - 2005-2006
- Ontario Training Program in Health Services and Policy Research Training Fellowship, $6,000 2005-2006 - 2005-2006
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship, $15,000 2004-2005 - 2004-2005
- Comparative Program on Health and Society Lupina/OGS Doctoral Fellowship, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, $5,000 2004-2005 - 2004-2005
- Ontario Training Program in Health Services and Policy Research Training Fellowship, $5,000 2004-2005 - 2004-2005
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship, $15,000 2003-2004 - 2003-2004
- University of Toronto Fellowship, $3,150 2003-2004 - 2003-2004
- Faculty of Arts In-Course Scholarship, York University, Toronto 1991-1992 - 1991-1992
- Faculty of Arts Sessional Academic Achievement List, York University, Toronto 1991-1992 - 1991-1992
- Faculty of Arts In-Course Scholarship, York University, Toronto 1990-1991 - 1990-1991
- Faculty of Arts Sessional Academic Achievement List, York University, Toronto 1990-1991 - 1990-1991
- Content, Clarity, Context Award. Women’s College Research Institute Graduate Student Research Day in Women’s Health. Toronto, ON 2007 - 2007
- Nomination for a Thesis Prize, York University, Toronto 1998 - 1998
- First runner-up in the English-language section of the Vision Canada student manuscript competition held by the Canadian Social Work Review. 1998 - 1998
Current Research Projects
-
Summary:
The proposed 3-year study examines representations of femininities and masculinities as they exist within the contemporary psychiatric medical chart. The objectives of the proposed research include: 1) Exploring how psychiatric narratives (re)produce and sanction particular femininities as idealized /marginalized and particular masculinities as hegemonic /marginalized; 2) Exploring how psychiatric discourses organize gender relations between women and men; 3) Investigating the role of psychiatric institutions in organizing gender relations among women and men; 4) Empirically grounding psychiatric consumer/survivor (C/S) movement critiques that challenge institutionalized oppressions related to mental distress and gender, sexuality, race and class.
Start Date:
- Month: Jun Year: 2014
End Date:
- Month: Mar Year: 2017
Funders:
SSHRC - Insight Grant
-
Summary:
This research project is the second phase in a comprehensive research program that explores access and equity related to in-home care for diverse members of Ontario’s LGBT populations with a focus on Community Care Access Centres and their role in coordinating care through contracted service provider agencies. The first phase of this study explored the literature on access to home care and collected interview and documentary data from key informants on processes that foster the development of LGBT-positive health care provision with a goal of creating an organizational tool on access and equity for home care agencies. This arm of the research program will provide baseline data, an environmental scan, which offers insight into the current state of home care for LGBT people in Ontario from the perspective of service users, direct service providers and provider organizations with a focus on developing strategies for change.
Start Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2011
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2014
Collaborator: Co-principal Investiator: Dr. Judith MacDonnell
Collaborator Institution: Toronto Central Community Care Access Centre, Rainbow Health Ontario
Funders:
Canadian Institute of Health Research
-
Summary:
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that sexual minority women (including lesbian and bisexual women) are at high risk for depression, lifetime suicidality, and other mental health problems. Although no population-based data are available regarding gender minority women (including transgender and transsexual women), the available research suggests that they too are at high risk for depression. Results of the few studies to examine patterns of mental health service utilization among lesbian, bisexual, and trans (LBT) women indicate that despite elevated rates of mental health service use, LBT women report very high rates of unmet need for mental health care (in a recent survey, over 50%). However, it is unknown whether this unmet need is explained by levels of need that exceed the capacity of services, or lack of effectiveness of services. Research is therefore needed to understand the barriers to effective depression treatment for sexual and gender minority women in Ontario. This project will improve understanding of the barriers to effective depression treatment for sexual and gender minority women in Ontario and ultimately facilitate the removal of barriers, improving access to prompt and effective diagnosis and treatment. A combination of qualitative, quantitative, and community-based research approaches will be used to: describe the barriers to effective depression treatment encountered by LBT women in Ontario; compare the mental health service utilization patterns of LBT and heterosexual women in Ontario; and use the knowledge gained to inform service delivery.
Start Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2010
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2012
Collaborator: Principal Investigator: Dr. Lori Ross
Collaborator Institution: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
-
Summary:
This qualitative research project explores the learning and training needs of interdisciplinary home care service providers in relation to LGBTQ service recipients. Profession-specific focus groups will be conducted each with nurses, personal support workers, therapists (social workers and occupational therapists) and TC CCAC care coordinators.The objectives of the proposed study are to: 1. Develop understanding of the similarities and differences in learning and training needs among interdisciplinary providers including nurses, personal support workers, therapists (social workers, occupational therapists) and care coordinators in relation to in-home health service provision to LGBTQ people. 2. Build on existing interprofessional LGBTQ learning and teaching modules for health care providers by identifying knowledge and practice skills that are unique to the provision of in-home health services. 3. Strengthen the existing faculty partnership between the Schools of Nursing and Social Work at York University as established in Phase 1 of the research project. 4. Develop capacity-building and curriculum development opportunities in the Schools of Nursing and Social Work in the areas of undergraduate, graduate and continuing education.
Start Date:
- Month: Jan Year: 2010
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2011
Collaborator: Principal Invesigator: Dr. Judith MacDonnell
Funders:
Interprofessional Education Initiatives Fund. York University, Faculty of Health
-
Summary:
This study uses guided meditation, art and small group discussion to explore meanings of caring among health care providers within a Regional Cancer Centre. The study consists of two phases. In Phase 1, profession-specific focus groups will be conducted each with nurses, radiation therapists, physicians, social workers, pharmacists and dietitians within an Oncology Program at a Regional Cancer Centre. In Phase 2, findings from Phase I will be presented to interprofessional focus groups to explore similarities and differences in meanings of caring. The purpose of the proposed study is to develop an understanding of the similarities and differences in the meaning of caring among health care providers working in an Oncology Program of a Regional Cancer Centre and to develop educational initiatives by which interprofessional groups can learn with, from, and about each others' perspectives on caring.
Start Date:
- Month: Oct Year: 2009
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2011
Collaborator: Co-Principal Investigators: Kari Osmar, Tracey Das Gupta
Collaborator Institution: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Funders:
Practice-Based Research Award, Sunnybrook Health Sciences
-
Description:
This pilot study utlizes a retrospective chart review design and individual semi-structured interviews with key informant mental health service providers to explore the nature and extent of mental health service providers’ chart documentation related to women’s sexuality.
Start Date:
- Month: Sep Year: 2008
End Date:
- Month: May Year: 2012
Collaborator: Dr. Lori Ross, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Ms. Lucy Costa, The Empowerment Council
Funders:
SSHRC Small Grants Program
-
Description:
A qualitative study that explored the caregiving experiences of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study explored participants’ experiences of receiving care as well as providing care to others. Engaged in participant recruitment; data collection (interviews) and qualitative data analysis.
Start Date:
- Month: Oct Year: 2005
End Date:
- Month: Aug Year: 2006
-
Summary:
This study explores through in-depth interviews the sexuality-related experiences of lesbian/queer women within the context of psychiatric and mental health support services.
Start Date:
- Month: Sep Year: 2003
End Date:
- Month: Jan Year: 2008
Funders:
SSHRC Doctoral Student Award
Approach to Teaching
To begin, my philosophy of teaching is rooted in a conceptualization of the learner in context. By this I mean understanding learners as not simply disembodied minds but rather embodied minds; learners are gendered, raced, and able-bodied or not, sexualized, and classed beings. This means that within the learning context learners will bring their unique lived experiences and will engage with each other, the content, and me in different ways. Thus, each learner’s experience of learning will be unique and relational. In the classroom, I model this conceptualization via my introduction to students. During my introduction I locate myself as a white, well-educated, middle-class, lesbian/queer woman through discussions about my social work practice areas, education, and research interests. Beginning with the learner in this way moves me beyond a discussion of adult learning styles, however relevant, towards recognition of the university classroom as a microcosm of societal power dynamics based on gender, sexuality, race, class and ability, among other social locations. I approach the learning environment as a critical space; that within this critical space learning is best facilitated through processes of critical thinking and critical reflection. I facilitate critical thinking and critical reflection through a dialectical process whereby students are challenged through questioning to look beneath the surface of course content to uncover assumptions made by the author(s), to analyze how they read course material from their unique social locations and perspectives, and how they develop their own philosophy and critique of social work theory and practice. Critical thinking and critical reflection is also advanced through the use of journal assignments and small group discussions. Small group discussions play an important role in sustaining connection among students and promoting a relational aspect to learning within this critical space. My desire for students is that engaging in critical thinking and critical reflection will be empowering and transformative. That learning to think critically will move them beyond a well-taught need to learn with certainty – the need to learn the “right thing”; “how to do it”; “the right intervention” – towards an ability to tolerate uncertainty and ambiguity as they rely on the experiences and knowledge of others to explore possibilities while developing a confident position towards their own knowledge, and the relevancy of their lived experience. My desire for students is that learning is experienced as an “engaged” scholarship, and that they are able to integrate critical thinking and critical reflection in their developing social work philosophy and practice. In July 2013 I completed training with the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (http://www.insideoutcenter.org/).This was the first Inside-Out training offered in Canada with the home base for Inside-Out Canada at the Lyle S. Hallman Faculty of Social Work at Wilfred Laurier University (Kitchener-Waterloo). (http://www.wlu.ca/homepage.php?grp_id=13428) . This training opportunity reflected and reinforced many aspects of my philosophy of training while enhanced my ability to work within anti-oppressive and critical frames with students towards the co-creation of classroom communities to facilitate dialogue, critical thinking and collaboration.
Andrea Daley is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Work, York University. Andrea received her B.S.W. and M.S.W. at York University. She brings to the School of Social Work extensive experience as a mental health clinician within the areas of community mental health, and working with consumer/survivor and LGBT communities.
My research interests include health services access and equity for diversely situated lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ)people and examining the productive effect of gendered, sexualized, raced and classed norms in psychiatric discourses, particularly in the context of in-patient documentation (charting) practices. I have been involved in advocacy work within LGBTQ communities, particularly within the area of LGBTQ health. More recently, I have been working as an ally with consumer/survivor and mad communities to examine and develop responses to violence acted upon consumer/survivor/ex-clients of the psychiatric and mental health system. Other research interests include critical research methodologies and community-based research collaborations.
Degrees
PhD in Social Work, University of TorontoMSW, York University
BSW, York University
BA in Psychology, York University
Professional Leadership
Seminars, Workshops and Community Training
Kitty Lundy Memorial Lecture, York University, Toronto ON, March 2013. Workshop organizer and leader. Full day workshop including two keynote speakers and three panel presentations with university (student, staff, faculty) and community-based (health and social service organizations, advocates, activists) participants. Key focus: Mental health and social equity. Key element of the workshop was to engage participants in dialogue related to social justice and mental health and to build Community/University relations. 'Notions of ‘Normality’/’Abnormality’: Social Justice and Equity in Mental Health,’ Presentation: “Abnormalization of LGBTQs: A Critical Analysis of the DSM 5 Review,” with Mulè, N. at Kitty Lundy Memorial Lecture, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, March, 2013. Daley, A., & MacDonnell, J. “Access & Equity in Home Care: Enhancing Access for Diverse & LGBT Communities” Workshop. Toronto, ON, November, 2010. Daley, A., & Shaikh, S. “Pedagogy and Practice – Diversity and Intersectionality in Social Work.” School of Social Work, York University. Toronto, ON, March 2010. Daley, A., & Costa, L. “Crazy Talk: Women, Sexuality and Psychiatry.” Women’s Counselling, Referral and Education Centre Annual General Meeting, Toronto, ON, November, 2009.
Community Contributions
2012-Present Member Psychiatric Disabilities Anti-Violence Coalition Toronto, Ontario 2001-Present Member Rainbow Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario 2005-2006 Chairperson Rainbow Health Network, Toronto Social Determinants of Health and Well-being Committee 2008-2009 Steering Committee Member (Advocacy) Rainbow Health Network, Toronto Sub-committee of the Rainbow Health Network that advocates for health care policy and service delivery change. 2004-2010 Community Advisory Committee David Kelley HIV/AIDS and LGBT Community Counselling Programs Family Service Toronto, Toronto 1998-2003 Volunteer Counsellor Family Service Association of Toronto, David Kelley LGBT Community Counselling Program, Toronto
Research Interests
Awards
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Fellowship, $20,000 2006-2007 - 2006-2007
- Royal Bank Fellowship, $10,000 2005-2006 - 2005-2006
- Ontario Training Program in Health Services and Policy Research Training Fellowship, $6,000 2005-2006 - 2005-2006
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship, $15,000 2004-2005 - 2004-2005
- Comparative Program on Health and Society Lupina/OGS Doctoral Fellowship, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, $5,000 2004-2005 - 2004-2005
- Ontario Training Program in Health Services and Policy Research Training Fellowship, $5,000 2004-2005 - 2004-2005
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship, $15,000 2003-2004 - 2003-2004
- University of Toronto Fellowship, $3,150 2003-2004 - 2003-2004
- Faculty of Arts In-Course Scholarship, York University, Toronto 1991-1992 - 1991-1992
- Faculty of Arts Sessional Academic Achievement List, York University, Toronto 1991-1992 - 1991-1992
- Faculty of Arts In-Course Scholarship, York University, Toronto 1990-1991 - 1990-1991
- Faculty of Arts Sessional Academic Achievement List, York University, Toronto 1990-1991 - 1990-1991
- Content, Clarity, Context Award. Women’s College Research Institute Graduate Student Research Day in Women’s Health. Toronto, ON 2007 - 2007
- Nomination for a Thesis Prize, York University, Toronto 1998 - 1998
- First runner-up in the English-language section of the Vision Canada student manuscript competition held by the Canadian Social Work Review. 1998 - 1998
Current Research Projects
-
Summary:
The proposed 3-year study examines representations of femininities and masculinities as they exist within the contemporary psychiatric medical chart. The objectives of the proposed research include: 1) Exploring how psychiatric narratives (re)produce and sanction particular femininities as idealized /marginalized and particular masculinities as hegemonic /marginalized; 2) Exploring how psychiatric discourses organize gender relations between women and men; 3) Investigating the role of psychiatric institutions in organizing gender relations among women and men; 4) Empirically grounding psychiatric consumer/survivor (C/S) movement critiques that challenge institutionalized oppressions related to mental distress and gender, sexuality, race and class.
Project Type: FundedRole: Principal Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Jun Year: 2014
End Date:
- Month: Mar Year: 2017
Funders:
SSHRC - Insight Grant
-
Summary:
This research project is the second phase in a comprehensive research program that explores access and equity related to in-home care for diverse members of Ontario’s LGBT populations with a focus on Community Care Access Centres and their role in coordinating care through contracted service provider agencies. The first phase of this study explored the literature on access to home care and collected interview and documentary data from key informants on processes that foster the development of LGBT-positive health care provision with a goal of creating an organizational tool on access and equity for home care agencies. This arm of the research program will provide baseline data, an environmental scan, which offers insight into the current state of home care for LGBT people in Ontario from the perspective of service users, direct service providers and provider organizations with a focus on developing strategies for change.
Project Type: FundedRole: Principal Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2011
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2014
Collaborator: Co-principal Investiator: Dr. Judith MacDonnell
Collaborator Institution: Toronto Central Community Care Access Centre, Rainbow Health Ontario
Funders:
Canadian Institute of Health Research
-
Summary:
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that sexual minority women (including lesbian and bisexual women) are at high risk for depression, lifetime suicidality, and other mental health problems. Although no population-based data are available regarding gender minority women (including transgender and transsexual women), the available research suggests that they too are at high risk for depression. Results of the few studies to examine patterns of mental health service utilization among lesbian, bisexual, and trans (LBT) women indicate that despite elevated rates of mental health service use, LBT women report very high rates of unmet need for mental health care (in a recent survey, over 50%). However, it is unknown whether this unmet need is explained by levels of need that exceed the capacity of services, or lack of effectiveness of services. Research is therefore needed to understand the barriers to effective depression treatment for sexual and gender minority women in Ontario. This project will improve understanding of the barriers to effective depression treatment for sexual and gender minority women in Ontario and ultimately facilitate the removal of barriers, improving access to prompt and effective diagnosis and treatment. A combination of qualitative, quantitative, and community-based research approaches will be used to: describe the barriers to effective depression treatment encountered by LBT women in Ontario; compare the mental health service utilization patterns of LBT and heterosexual women in Ontario; and use the knowledge gained to inform service delivery.
Project Type: FundedRole: Co-Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2010
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2012
Collaborator: Principal Investigator: Dr. Lori Ross
Collaborator Institution: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
-
Summary:
This qualitative research project explores the learning and training needs of interdisciplinary home care service providers in relation to LGBTQ service recipients. Profession-specific focus groups will be conducted each with nurses, personal support workers, therapists (social workers and occupational therapists) and TC CCAC care coordinators.The objectives of the proposed study are to: 1. Develop understanding of the similarities and differences in learning and training needs among interdisciplinary providers including nurses, personal support workers, therapists (social workers, occupational therapists) and care coordinators in relation to in-home health service provision to LGBTQ people. 2. Build on existing interprofessional LGBTQ learning and teaching modules for health care providers by identifying knowledge and practice skills that are unique to the provision of in-home health services. 3. Strengthen the existing faculty partnership between the Schools of Nursing and Social Work at York University as established in Phase 1 of the research project. 4. Develop capacity-building and curriculum development opportunities in the Schools of Nursing and Social Work in the areas of undergraduate, graduate and continuing education.
Project Type: FundedRole: Principal Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Jan Year: 2010
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2011
Collaborator: Principal Invesigator: Dr. Judith MacDonnell
Funders:
Interprofessional Education Initiatives Fund. York University, Faculty of Health
-
Summary:
This study uses guided meditation, art and small group discussion to explore meanings of caring among health care providers within a Regional Cancer Centre. The study consists of two phases. In Phase 1, profession-specific focus groups will be conducted each with nurses, radiation therapists, physicians, social workers, pharmacists and dietitians within an Oncology Program at a Regional Cancer Centre. In Phase 2, findings from Phase I will be presented to interprofessional focus groups to explore similarities and differences in meanings of caring. The purpose of the proposed study is to develop an understanding of the similarities and differences in the meaning of caring among health care providers working in an Oncology Program of a Regional Cancer Centre and to develop educational initiatives by which interprofessional groups can learn with, from, and about each others' perspectives on caring.
Project Type: FundedRole: Co-Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Oct Year: 2009
End Date:
- Month: Apr Year: 2011
Collaborator: Co-Principal Investigators: Kari Osmar, Tracey Das Gupta
Collaborator Institution: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Funders:
Practice-Based Research Award, Sunnybrook Health Sciences
-
Description:
This pilot study utlizes a retrospective chart review design and individual semi-structured interviews with key informant mental health service providers to explore the nature and extent of mental health service providers’ chart documentation related to women’s sexuality.
Project Type: FundedRole: Principal Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Sep Year: 2008
End Date:
- Month: May Year: 2012
Collaborator: Dr. Lori Ross, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Ms. Lucy Costa, The Empowerment Council
Funders:
SSHRC Small Grants Program
-
Description:
A qualitative study that explored the caregiving experiences of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study explored participants’ experiences of receiving care as well as providing care to others. Engaged in participant recruitment; data collection (interviews) and qualitative data analysis.
Role: Research Coordinator/AssistantStart Date:
- Month: Oct Year: 2005
End Date:
- Month: Aug Year: 2006
-
Summary:
This study explores through in-depth interviews the sexuality-related experiences of lesbian/queer women within the context of psychiatric and mental health support services.
Project Type: FundedRole: Principal Investigator
Start Date:
- Month: Sep Year: 2003
End Date:
- Month: Jan Year: 2008
Funders:
SSHRC Doctoral Student Award
All Publications
Approach to Teaching
To begin, my philosophy of teaching is rooted in a conceptualization of the learner in context. By this I mean understanding learners as not simply disembodied minds but rather embodied minds; learners are gendered, raced, and able-bodied or not, sexualized, and classed beings. This means that within the learning context learners will bring their unique lived experiences and will engage with each other, the content, and me in different ways. Thus, each learner’s experience of learning will be unique and relational. In the classroom, I model this conceptualization via my introduction to students. During my introduction I locate myself as a white, well-educated, middle-class, lesbian/queer woman through discussions about my social work practice areas, education, and research interests. Beginning with the learner in this way moves me beyond a discussion of adult learning styles, however relevant, towards recognition of the university classroom as a microcosm of societal power dynamics based on gender, sexuality, race, class and ability, among other social locations. I approach the learning environment as a critical space; that within this critical space learning is best facilitated through processes of critical thinking and critical reflection. I facilitate critical thinking and critical reflection through a dialectical process whereby students are challenged through questioning to look beneath the surface of course content to uncover assumptions made by the author(s), to analyze how they read course material from their unique social locations and perspectives, and how they develop their own philosophy and critique of social work theory and practice. Critical thinking and critical reflection is also advanced through the use of journal assignments and small group discussions. Small group discussions play an important role in sustaining connection among students and promoting a relational aspect to learning within this critical space. My desire for students is that engaging in critical thinking and critical reflection will be empowering and transformative. That learning to think critically will move them beyond a well-taught need to learn with certainty – the need to learn the “right thing”; “how to do it”; “the right intervention” – towards an ability to tolerate uncertainty and ambiguity as they rely on the experiences and knowledge of others to explore possibilities while developing a confident position towards their own knowledge, and the relevancy of their lived experience. My desire for students is that learning is experienced as an “engaged” scholarship, and that they are able to integrate critical thinking and critical reflection in their developing social work philosophy and practice. In July 2013 I completed training with the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (http://www.insideoutcenter.org/).This was the first Inside-Out training offered in Canada with the home base for Inside-Out Canada at the Lyle S. Hallman Faculty of Social Work at Wilfred Laurier University (Kitchener-Waterloo). (http://www.wlu.ca/homepage.php?grp_id=13428) . This training opportunity reflected and reinforced many aspects of my philosophy of training while enhanced my ability to work within anti-oppressive and critical frames with students towards the co-creation of classroom communities to facilitate dialogue, critical thinking and collaboration.